CHAPTER 14 : PROBABILITY

CBSE Class 10 Mathematics Standard — 2025 PYQs

PYQ Collection: Unique questions extracted from Series 30/1 to 30/6. Repeated questions have been consolidated while retaining all relevant Series and Question references.
Section A — Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark)
1.
30/1/1 Q13 • 1 Mark
A card is selected at random from a deck of 52 playing cards. The probability of it being a red face card is:
(A) \(\frac{3}{13}\)
(B) \(\frac{2}{13}\)
(C) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(D) \(\frac{3}{26}\)
2.
30/1/3 Q18 • 1 Mark
A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that the card drawn is a spade or a king?
(A) \(\frac{1}{13}\)
(B) \(\frac{2}{13}\)
(C) \(\frac{4}{13}\)
(D) \(\frac{9}{13}\)
3.
30/2/1 Q2 • 30/2/3 Q8 • 1 Mark
The probability of drawing an even prime number out of numbers from 1 to 30 is:
(A) \(\frac{1}{30}\)
(B) \(\frac{4}{15}\)
(C) \(\frac{7}{30}\)
(D) 0
4.
30/2/1 Q11 • 30/2/2 Q16 • 1 Mark
In a cricket match, a batsman hits the boundary 7 times out of the 42 balls he plays. The probability of his not hitting a boundary is:
(A) \(\frac{1}{7}\)
(B) \(\frac{2}{7}\)
(C) \(\frac{5}{6}\)
(D) \(\frac{1}{6}\)
5.
30/2/2 Q13 • 1 Mark
If all the red face cards are removed from the deck of 52 playing cards, then the probability of getting a black jack from the remaining cards is:
(A) \(\frac{2}{46}\)
(B) \(\frac{2}{52}\)
(C) \(\frac{4}{48}\)
(D) \(\frac{2}{23}\)
6.
30/2/3 Q1 • 1 Mark
If for any event \(E\), \(P(E)+P(\overline{E})=q\), then the value of \(q^2-3\) is:
(A) 0
(B) −2
(C) 2
(D) 1
7.
30/3/1 Q14 • 30/3/2 Q10 • 1 Mark
A die is thrown once. The probability of getting a number which is not a factor of 36, is:
(A) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(B) \(\frac{2}{3}\)
(C) \(\frac{1}{6}\)
(D) \(\frac{5}{6}\)
8.
30/3/3 Q6 • 1 Mark
If in a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 30 blanks, then the probability of winning a prize is:
(A) \(\frac{1}{4}\)
(B) \(\frac{1}{3}\)
(C) \(\frac{3}{4}\)
(D) \(\frac{2}{3}\)
9.
30/4/1 Q5 • 30/4/3 Q14 • 1 Mark
The number of red balls in a bag is 10 more than the number of black balls. If the probability of drawing a red ball at random from this bag is \(\frac{3}{5}\), then the total number of balls in the bag is:
(A) 50
(B) 60
(C) 80
(D) 40
10.
30/4/1 Q18 • 1 Mark
A pair of dice is thrown. The probability that the sum of numbers appearing on top faces is at most 10 is:
(A) \(\frac{1}{11}\)
(B) \(\frac{10}{11}\)
(C) \(\frac{5}{6}\)
(D) \(\frac{11}{12}\)
11.
30/4/2 Q2 • 1 Mark
A pair of dice is thrown once. The probability that the sum of numbers appearing on top faces is at least 4 is:
(A) \(\frac{1}{11}\)
(B) \(\frac{10}{11}\)
(C) \(\frac{5}{6}\)
(D) \(\frac{11}{12}\)
12.
30/5/1 Q18 • 30/5/2 Q2 • 30/5/3 Q9 • 1 Mark
The probability of getting a composite number greater than 3 on throwing a die is:
(A) \(\frac{1}{6}\)
(B) \(\frac{1}{3}\)
(C) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(D) \(\frac{2}{3}\)
13.
30/5/2 Q9 • 1 Mark
A piggy bank contains ₹1 coins and ₹2 coins in the ratio \(9:11\) respectively. The piggy bank is accidentally dropped and a coin pops out of it. The probability that it is a ₹2 coin is:
(A) \(\frac{9}{11}\)
(B) 0.45
(C) 0.55
(D) \(\frac{1}{11}\)
14.
30/5/3 Q16 • 1 Mark
A bag contains red coloured, blue coloured and green coloured balls in the ratio \(2:3:4\). A ball is drawn at random from the given bag. The probability that the ball so drawn is not of blue colour is:
(A) \(\frac{1}{9}\)
(B) \(\frac{1}{3}\)
(C) \(\frac{2}{3}\)
(D) \(\frac{5}{9}\)
15.
30/6/1 Q8 • 30/6/2 Q10 • 30/6/3 Q17 • 1 Mark
Two coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting at least one head is:
(A) \(\frac{1}{4}\)
(B) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(C) \(\frac{3}{4}\)
(D) 1
Assertion–Reason Questions (1 Mark)
16.
30/1/1 Q19 • 30/1/3 Q19 • 1 Mark
Assertion (A): The probability of selecting a number at random from the numbers 1 to 20 is 1.

Reason (R): For any event \(E\), if \(P(E)=1\), then \(E\) is called a sure event.
17.
30/6/1 Q20 • 30/6/2 Q20 • 30/6/3 Q19 • 1 Mark
Assertion (A): In an experiment of throwing a die, Event \(E_1\): getting a number less than 3 and Event \(E_2\): getting a number greater than 3 are complementary events.

Reason (R): If two events \(E\) and \(F\) are complementary events, then \(P(E)+P(F)=1\).
Section B — Very Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)
18.
30/3/1 Q22 • 30/3/2 Q25 • 30/3/3 Q23 • 2 Marks
The probability of guessing the correct answer of a certain test question is \(\frac{x}{12}\). If the probability of not guessing the correct answer is \(\frac{5}{6}\), then find the value of \(x\).
19.
30/4/1 Q25 • 30/4/2 Q22 • 2 Marks
Two friends Anil and Ashraf (or Saima and Aryaa) were born in the month of December in the year 2010. Find the probability that:
(i) They share the same date of birth.
(ii) They have different dates of birth.
20.
30/4/3 Q24 • 2 Marks
Renu and Simran both were born in the year 2000, which is a leap year. Find the probability that:
(i) They share the same date of birth.
(ii) They have different dates of birth.
21.
30/5/1 Q25 • 2 Marks
While shuffling a pack of 52 cards, one card was accidentally dropped. Find the probability that the dropped card:
(i) is not a face card.
(ii) is a black king.
22.
30/5/2 Q22 • 2 Marks
All the face cards are removed from the pack of 52 cards and a card is drawn at random from the remaining cards. Find the probability that the card so drawn is:
(i) a spade.
(ii) not an ace.
23.
30/5/3 Q24 • 2 Marks
From a pack of 52 cards, all aces and all kings are removed. A card is drawn at random from the remaining cards. Find the probability that the card so drawn is:
(i) a face card.
(ii) a card of red colour.
24.
30/6/1 Q25 • 2 Marks
The number of red balls in a bag is three more than the number of black balls. If the probability of drawing a red ball at random from the given bag is \(\frac{12}{23}\), find the total number of balls in the given bag.
25.
30/6/3 Q24 • 2 Marks
A bag contains balls numbered 2 to 91 such that each ball bears a different number. A ball is drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability that:
(i) It bears a 2-digit number.
(ii) It bears a multiple of 1.
Section C — Short Answer Questions (3 Marks)
26.
30/1/1 Q31 • 3 Marks
Two dice are thrown at the same time. Determine the probability that the difference of the numbers on the two dice is 2.
27.
30/1/3 Q27 • 3 Marks
Two dice are rolled together. Find the probability of getting:
(i) a multiple of 2 on one and a multiple of 3 on the other die.

(ii) the product of two numbers on the top of the two dice is a perfect square.
28.
30/3/1 Q30 • 3 Marks
Three unbiased coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting:
(a) exactly two tails
(b) at least one head
(c) at most two heads
29.
30/3/2 Q27 • 3 Marks
If 65% of the population has black eyes, 25% have brown eyes and the remaining have blue eyes, what is the probability that a person selected at random has:
(a) blue eyes?
(b) brown or black eyes?
30.
30/3/3 Q26 • 3 Marks
All face cards of spades are removed from a pack of 52 playing cards and the remaining pack is shuffled well. A card is then drawn at random from the remaining pack. Find the probability of getting:
(a) a face card
(b) an ace or a jack
Section E — Case Study Based Questions (4 Marks)
31.
30/2/1 Q37 • 30/2/2 Q36 • 30/2/3 Q38 • 4 Marks
Rahul's Lucky Charm
Rahul has a jar of cards numbered from 10 to 74.

Rules:
• Even number = Win.
• Even and divisible by 5 = Win by a big margin.
• Odd number less than 30 = Win by a small margin.
• Prime number between 50 and 74 = Lose.
(i) What is the probability that Rahul draws a card with an even number? (1 Mark)

(ii) What is the probability that Rahul draws a card with an odd number less than 30? (1 Mark)

(iii) (a) What is the probability that Rahul draws a card with a prime number between 50 and 74? (2 Marks)
OR
(iii) (b) What is the probability that Rahul draws a card with an even number divisible by 5? (2 Marks)
End of Chapter 14 — Probability

Total Unique Questions: 31
MCQs: 15   |   Assertion–Reason: 2   |   2 Marks: 8   |   3 Marks: 5   |   Case Study: 1